Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Protein name
), CDK5_HUMAN from NCBI database.
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Gene name:
CDK5(CDKN5);
Protein name:
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5;
Alternative:
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PSSALRE;Cell division protein kinase 5;Tau protein kinase II catalytic subunit(TPKII catalytic subunit);
Organism:
Human (Homo sapiens).
General Annotation
Sub Unit:
Heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit CDK5 and a regulatory subunit CDK5R1 (p25) and macromolecular complex composed of at least CDK5, CDK5R1 (p35) and CDK5RAP1 or CDK5RAP2 or CDK5RAP3. Only the heterodimer shows kinase activity. Under neurotoxic stress and neuronal injury conditions, p35 is cleaved by calpain to generate p25 that hyperactivates CDK5, that becomes functionally disabled and often toxic. Found in a trimolecular complex with CABLES1 and ABL1. Interacts with CABLES1 and CABLES2 (By similarity). Interacts with AATK and GSTP1. Binds to HDAC1 when in complex with p25. Interaction with myristoylation p35 promotes CDK5 association with membranes. Both isoforms 1 and 2 interacts with beta-catenin/CTNNB1. Interacts with delta-catenin/CTNND2 and APEX1. Interacts with P53/TP53 in neurons. Interacts with EPHA4; may mediate the activation of NGEF by EPHA4.
Function:
Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neuronal development and physiological processes including neuronal survival, migration and differentiation, axonal and neurite growth, synaptogenesis, oligodendrocytes differentiation, synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission, by phosphorylating key proteins. Activated by interaction with CDK5R1 (p35) and ATP6V0D1 (p39), especially in post-mitotic neurons, and promotes CDK5R1 (p35) expression in an autostimulation loop. Phosphorylates many downstream substrates such as Rho and Ras family small GTPases (e.g. PAK1, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42) or microtubule-binding proteins (e.g. MAPT/TAU, MAP2, MAP1B), and modulates actin dynamics to regulate neurite growth and/or spine morphogenesis. Phosphorylates also exocytosis associated proteins such as MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, and PCTAIRE 1/CDK16 as well as endocytosis associated proteins such as DNM1, AMPH and SYNJ1 at synaptic terminals. In the mature central nervous system (CNS), regulates neurotransmitter movements by phosphorylating substrates associated with neurotransmitter release and synapse plasticity; synaptic vesicle exocytosis, vesicles fusion with the presynaptic membrane, and endocytosis. Promotes cell survival by activating anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2 and STAT3, and negatively regulating of JNK3/MAPK10 activity. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 in response to genotoxic and oxidative stresses enhances its stabilization by preventing ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation, and induces transactivation of p53/TP53 target genes, thus regulating apoptosis. Phosphorylation of p35/CDK5R1 enhances its stabilization by preventing calpain-mediated proteolysis producing p25/CDK5R1 and avoiding ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation. During aberrant cell-cycle activity and DNA damage, p25/CDK5 activity elicites cell-cycle activity and double-strand DNA breaks that precedes neuronal death by deregulating HDAC1. DNA damage triggered phosphorylation of huntingtin/HTT in nuclei of neurons protects neurons against polyglutamine expansion as well as DNA damage mediated toxicity. Phosphorylation of PXN reduces its interaction with PTK2/FAK in matrix-cell focal adhesions (MCFA) during oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiation. Negative regulator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Activator of the GAIT (IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation) pathway, which suppresses expression of a post-transcriptional regulon of proinflammatory genes in myeloid cells; phosphorylates the linker domain of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) in a IFN-gamma-dependent manner, the initial event in assembly of the GAIT complex. Phosphorylation of SH3GLB1 is required for autophagy induction in starved neurons. Phosphorylation of TONEBP/NFAT5 in response to osmotic stress mediates its rapid nuclear localization. MEF2 is inactivated by phosphorylation in nucleus in response to neurotoxin, thus leading to neuronal apoptosis. APEX1 AP-endodeoxyribonuclease is repressed by phosphorylation, resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and contributing to neuronal death. NOS3 phosphorylation down regulates NOS3-derived nitrite (NO) levels. SRC phosphorylation mediates its ubiquitin-dependent degradation and thus leads to cytoskeletal reorganization. May regulate endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis via the modulation of lamellipodia formation. Involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis by mediating the EFNA1-EPHA4 signaling.
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Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2);SUBCELLULAR LOCATION;TISSUE SPECIFICITY;INTERACTION WITH CTNNB1;FUNCTION IN WNT/B-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY
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Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1)
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Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1)
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Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION BY ROSCOVITINE AND OLOMOUCINE
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Cited for: FUNCTION AS MEF2A KINASE;ENZYME REGULATION;SUBCELLULAR LOCATION
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Cited for: FUNCTION AS P35 KINASE;SUBCELLULAR LOCATION;ENZYME REGULATION
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Cited for: FUNCTION AS CTNNB1 AND CTNND2 KINASE;INTERACTION WITH CTNNB1 AND CTNND2;SUBCELLULAR LOCATION;TISSUE SPECIFICITY
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Cited for: FUNCTION AS P53/TP53 KINASE;INTERACTION WITH P53/TP53;SUBCELLULAR LOCATION
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Cited for: FUNCTION AS HUNTINGTIN KINASE;ENZYME REGULATION BY ROSCOVITINE
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Cited for: FUNCTION AS P35/CDK5R KINASE;INTERACTION WITH P35/CDK5R;SUBCELLULAR LOCATION
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Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-72;IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]
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Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]
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Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-72;IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]
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Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-56;IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]
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Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]
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Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.65 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH P25;MUTAGENESIS OF SER-159
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Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.20 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH INHIBITORS AND P25;PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-15